Hungary's parliament has approved a bill initiating the country's formal withdrawal from the International Criminal Court (ICC), marking a significant move by Prime Minister Viktor Orban's government, which claims the court has become politically biased. The legislation passed on May 20 with 134 votes in favor and 37 against, launching a one-year exit process upon formal notification to the UN Secretary-General.
The decision comes shortly after Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu visited Hungary in a rare overseas trip, despite an active ICC arrest warrant accusing him of war crimes in Gaza—a claim Netanyahu has firmly denied. Hungary has openly criticized the warrant as “brazen” and refuses to enforce it.
Orban’s government argues the ICC no longer functions as an impartial judicial body. "Hungary firmly rejects the use of international organizations – in particular criminal courts – as instruments of political influence," stated the bill, submitted by Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjen.
The ICC, established over 20 years ago to prosecute individuals for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, now faces growing scrutiny from countries claiming political overreach. Hungary, a founding member, ratified the Rome Statute in 2001, but critics note the domestic law was never formally promulgated.
The ICC’s Assembly of State Parties has expressed concern over Hungary's decision. However, Netanyahu praised the move, calling it a “bold and principled decision.” The development adds to global tensions surrounding the ICC’s role and its arrest warrants amid the ongoing conflict in Gaza.
Hungary’s withdrawal will take effect in 12 months, in accordance with ICC rules, following the official submission of its intent to the United Nations.